Description

NUR155 Exam 4 With Verified Questions And Answers Drug side effects - (secondary effect) Expected and treated; may be harmless or potentially harmful Adverse reactions - (adverse effects) aren't expected, deadly; may justify the discontinuation of the drug drug toxicity - (harmful effects of a drug on an organism or tissue) too much/overdose; ingention of a drug intended for external use or buildup of the drug in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion; elderly/kids at risk, kidney/liver Allergy (Drug) - anaphylactic reaction (occurs immediately after the drug is administered), doesn't mean you had side effects of a drug Drug interactions - occurs when the administration of one drug before, at the same time as, or after another drug alters the effect of one or both drugs; contraindications, drug compatibility half-life - amount of time for half the med to get out of the body onset - the time it takes for the med to start work peak plasma level - highest level of med. PO (30-60) IV (med is done) Trough - Right before dose (lowest amount) Absorption - the process by which a drug passed into the bloodstream; first step in the movement of the drug through the body Distribution - o the transportation of a drug from its site of absorption to its site of action Biotransformation (metabolism) - process by which a drug is converted to a less active form, mostly takes place in the liver- products called metabolites Excretion - the process by which metabolites and drugs are eliminated from the body Drug classification - Prescription and OTC Generic name or Trade/Brand name What system is used in KY for tracking controlled substances - CASPER Who writes medication orders? - Physicians What developmental status's effect drug action? - pregnancy, kids (immune body systems), older adults (decreased renal function *start low go slow*- safety tops on pill bottles How does sex effect drug action - Males = more protein & metabolize faster; females = more adipose tissue How do genes effect drug action? - genetic testing How does diet affection drug action - Absorption Psychological factors that effect drug actions - think it won't work, won't take certain meds, generic vs brand names what disease effect drug action? - Cancer, circulatory issues, gut, renal, liver how does time of administration effect drug action - some drugs have to be taken with food or without food, or am/pm Oral medication route - o SAFEST ROUTE/MOST CONVIENENT - does not break skin barrier o Tablets - can be scored/crushed as long as not enteric coated o Capsules, liquid o Sublingual(under tongue - NITROGLYCERIN) o Buccal(Cheek) o Enteral - tube feed, crushed or liquid Transdermal meds - o Applied to skin, local and maybe systemic effects o Lotion, creams, ointments, patches o Soap/water, gloves, pat dry and apply o Wrap in glove and put in sharps container o Rotate sites Parenteral - Injected VIA - § Intradermal - under the epidermis (into the dermis) § Subcutaneous - into the subcutaneous tissue, just below the skin § Intramuscular - into a muscle § Intravenous - into a vein What do you do when an allergic reaction occurs? - Give Benadryl permission is not required Topical meds - o Skin/body cavity o Eye - Lower and outer. Ointment is applied in to out o Ear - 3+ up & back, -3 down & back o Vagina - Need to go up by cervix o Rectum - lube always, make sure not melted or too cold o Nose - blow before, slow inhale STAT means? - within 15 minutes ASAP Single order means? - one time only Standing order means? - there if needed in an emergency PRN means? - as needed