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MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following set of terms best describes nursing at the end of the Middle Ages? a. continuity, caring, critical thinking b. purpose, direction, leadership c. assessment, interventions, outcomes d. advocacy, research, education ANS: B PTS: 1 2. Which of the following is a characteristic of nursing practiced from early civilization to the 16th century? a. Most early civilizations believed that illness had supernatural causes. b. The physician was the priest who treated disease with prayer. c. The nurse was a nun committed to caring for the needy and homeless. d. Nursing changed from a spiritual focus to an emphasis on knowledge expansion. ANS: A PTS: 1 3. In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin? a. pre-civilization b. early civilization to 16th century c. 16th to 17th century d. 18th to 19th century ANS: D PTS: 1 4. Who is considered to be the founder of professional nursing? a. Dorothea Dix b. Lillian Wald c. Florence Nightingale d. Clara Barton ANS: C PTS: 1 5. Which of the following nursing pioneers established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882? a. Florence