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The total capacity of a facility in a transmission path is 1600 MW. The Available Transfer Capability of the same path from A to B is 1200 MW. An unschedul ed (parallel) flow of 600 MW is also present from A to B. What is the maximum net interchange that can be scheduled from A to B? A) 1600 MW B) 600 MW C) 1200 MW D) 1000 MW C) 1200 MW Balancing Authority A (BA A) has two tie-lines with BA B with MW readings of +100 MW and -50 MW respectively. BA C has two tie-lines with BA B with actual MW readings of +60 MW and +90 MW respectively. If these are the only tie-lines for BA B, what is the net actual interchange for BA B? A) -150 B) -200 C) 200 D) 150 B) -200 When a Dynamic Schedule varies enough to require updating the tag, whose responsibility is it to ensure the update is accomplished? A) Sink Balancing Authority B) The Purchasing-Selling Entity responsible for tagging the schedule C) Transmission Service Provider D) Source Balancing Authority B) The Purchasing-Selling Entity responsible for tagging the schedule The Transmission Operator and Balancing Authority shall develop, maintain, and implement one or more Reliability Coordinator-reviewed Operating Plan. What is the purpose of Operating Plans? A) Update Regional Reliability Organization and NERC B) Notify all Reliability Coordinators in NERC C) Notify the Reliability Coordinator D) To address and mitigate operating Emergencies D) To address and mitigate operating Emergencies Which of the following would not be considered in determining ratings on transmission facilities? A) Power Transfer Distribution Factor B) Thermal limits C) Voltage limits D) Short-term loading limits A) Power Transfer Distribution Factor When would be the best time to schedule a capacitor bank outage? A) During projected light loading. B) During winter peak loading. C) During summer peak loading. D) When all the other reactive sources are scheduled for an outage. A) During projected light loading. Two lines of the same construction are both connected to Bus A and are both open at the other end. Line #2 is twice as long as Line #1. The voltage at the open end of Line #1 is 3% higher than the voltage at Bus A. What can you conclude about the voltage at the open end of Line #2? A) 3% lower than Bus A. B) More than 3% lower than Bus A. C) 3% higher than Bus A. D) More than 3% higher than Bus A. D) More than 3% higher than Bus A. In a system that is more capacitive than inductive, the current sine wave will lead the voltage sine wave which tends to ________________ voltage. A) decrease load B) raise C) have no effect D) lower B) raise A Transmission Operator experiences the unexpected loss of an internal 230 kV transmission line. This line will be out of service for more than two hours. The expected system peak will also be in the next two hours. Which of the following actions should the Transmission Operator take? A) Prepare for the next contingency B) Reduce the expected peak demand C) Contact neighboring entities D) Monitor the system until the line is back in service A) Prepare for the next contingency When or under what condition should the Transmission Operator disconnect from the interconnection? A) When their system is in severe violation of an IROL or SOL. B) When ordered to by the NERC. C) Only if directed by the Reliability Coordinator D) When the frequency is below 57 Hz. A) When their system is in severe violation of an IROL or SOL. ority which forces the exporting BA to instantly cut a 1,000 MW schedule to this BA to zero. A) Notify the RC that this BA is in an EEA Level 2; start all available generation; schedule emergency interchange purchases; demand-side management B) Notify the RC that this BA is in EEA Level 3; Notify Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operator that Load Shed is imminent. C) Notify the RC that this BA is in EEA Level 1; notify all power plants to be on alert. D) Notify the RC that this BA is shed 200 MW of load. A) Notify the RC that this BA is in an EEA Level 2; start all available generation; schedule emergency interchange purchases; demand-side management During system restoration, which of the following could cause problems if not considered? A) Cold-load pick up. B) The cost of the generation that is available. C) The interchange transactions that were in place prior to the system collapse. D) The ACE reading of your area. A) Cold-load pick up. A Balancing Authority that is operating asynchronously (separated from the Interconnection) should switch its AGC to which mode __________. A) tie line bias control B) flat frequency control C) flat tie-line control D) manual control B) flat frequency control A Transmission Operator Area has an instantaneous automatic Under-Frequency Load Shed Scheme segmented into a sequence of 4 Steps: Step 1 = 59.500Hz. removes 25MW; Step 2 = 59.300Hz. removes 20MW; Step 3 = 59.100Hz. removes 20MW; Step 4 = 58.900Hz. removes an additional 15MW. Step 3 & 4 will automatically reset and re-close restoring load when the frequency returns to 60.00 Hz. A large event occurs causing the system frequency to fall to 59.000Hz. and returns to 60.00Hz after 12 minutes. Assuming a constant load factor, what is the total load the TOP must restore manually once the frequency has recovered to 60.000Hz.? A) 45 MW B) 80 MW C) 65 MW D) 25 MW A) 45 MW You are ready to restore power to a generator facility. Which of the following Transmission lines would be the best choice to energize the facility? A) 10-mile, underground transmission cable. B) 25-mile, underground transmission cable. C) 25-mile, overhead transmission line. D) 10-mile, overhead transmission line. D) 10-mile, overhead transmission line. Resources that a system operator should use to identify, and correct emergency conditions include: A) Field Personnel B) Personal Experience C) Operating Procedures D) All the Above D) All the Above System Operators monitor system conditions closely so that A) They can keep busy B) They can identify changes that may signal a problem C) They can determine market participation D) They can identify maintenance plans B) They can identify changes that may signal a problem A 100-mile transmission line from Substation A to Substation B trips. The field crew reports a Zone 1 target at Substation A and a Zone 2 target at Substation B. The fault is anticipated to be _________. A) midway between A and B B) within 10 miles of A C) within 10 miles of B D) outside of the line segment B) within 10 miles of A You are a Reliability Coordinator in area Z. You have issued a Transmission Loading Relief procedure to relieve a constrained flowgate on the contract path that includes the Reliability Coordinator in area M where the Sink Balancing Authority is located. You have notified all other Reliability Coordinators via the Reliability Coordinator Information System. The Sink Balancing Authority for the curtailed Interchange Transaction should be notified by whom? A) Reliability Coordinator for area M B) The Power Marketer that set up the Interchange Transaction C) The Transmission Provider for the Sink Balancing Authority D) Reliability Coordinator for area Z A) Reliability Coordinator for area M In a Power System, cold load can best be described as which of the following? A) Load that is not factored into the interchange transaction B) Load at an ice plant C) Load that has been de-energized for an extended period D) Load that has been shed C) Load that has been de-energized for an extended period 150 MW is flowing into the high side of a 200 MVA transformer. If the transformer windings have a 2 to 1 ratio what MW value is flowing out of the low side winding of the transformer? A) 250 MW B) 200 MW C) 75 MW D) 150 MW D) 150 MW The Roxboro - Milburnie Black 230-kV line has 80 MW and 60 MVAR flowing into Milburnie Substation. What is the power factor? A) 80% B) 130% C) 60% D) 100% A) 80% Which entity integrates resource plans ahead of time, maintains load-interchange-generation balance within a Balancing Authority Area, and supports Interconnection frequency in real time? A) Reliability Coordinator B) Transmission Operator C) Load Serving Entity D) Balancing Authority D) Balancing Authority Which action (s) does a Reliability Coordinator have the authority to direct all reliability entities within its area to take to return the system to a reliable state. A) Re-dispatch generation B) Re-configure transmission C) Reduce load D) All the Above D) All the Above All real-time system operators must monitor ___________. A) Power flow within the system B) Status of generation and transmission C) System Voltage D) All the Above D) All the Above A Transmission line is loaded at 125% of its System Operating Limit. A parallel line is out for structure maintenance and will take several hours to return to service. Which of the following actions would be acceptable in these conditions? A) Re-dispatch generation to decrease loading on the line. B) Open the overloaded line immediately. C) Decrease the voltage setpoints on the generators in the area D) Wait until the parallel line is restored. A 25% overload is acceptable if the parallel line is returned by the end of the day. A) Re-dispatch generation to decrease loading on the line. Which of the following would you expect to experience during a Geo-Magnetic disturbance? A) System frequency declines below an acceptable operating level, and generator governors are required to take action to arrest the frequency decline. B) Significant low frequency induced currents enter the system through the grounded transformer neutrals, causing system overloads and harmful system wide harmonics. C) System voltages increase beyond safe operating levels. Requiring the operator to take action to absorb VARs from the system or decrease voltage schedules. D) Significant high frequency induced currents enter the system through the grounded transformer neutrals, causing system overloads and harmful system wide harmonics. B) Significant low frequency induced currents enter the system through the grounded transformer neutrals, causing system overloads and harmful system wide harmonics. Two phase conductors of a 138kV transmission line come in contact due to a storm, creating a phase to phase fault. The distance relay at each end of the line tripped and isolated the line. What two measured parameters of the line caused the distance relay to operate? A) Resistance and Impedance B) Temperature and length C) MWs and MVARs D) Voltage and current D) Voltage and current Which equipment should be used first for maintaining or increasing system voltages? A) Transmission Breakers B) Shunt Capacitor Banks C) Shedding unnecessary load D) Generator Reactive maximum output B) Shunt Capacitor Banks The maximum and minimum voltage, current, frequency, real and reactive power flows on individual equipment under steady state, short-circuit and transient conditions, as permitted by the equipment owner is ____________. A) Always changing. B) The point of collapse C) The System Operating Limit D) Equipment Rating D) Equipment Rating There is a 50 MVAR rated capacitor in your system that is currently supplying 45 MVARs to the system. Which of the following conditions is most likely the cause? A) The voltage is low in the area of the capacitor. B) The frequency is above 60.00 Hz. C) The frequency is below 60.00 Hz. D) The voltage is high in the area of the capacitor. A) The voltage is low in the area of the capacitor. What would be the expected result at a bus when a long transmission line is placed in service from that bus with the other end of the line open? A) Bus voltage will decrease. B) MVARs would begin flowing into the open- ended line. C) Nothing. D) Bus voltage would increase. D) Bus voltage would increase. What is a contingency? A) Actual loading on a circuit B) The unexpected loss of telecommunications C) The unexpected failure of a system component D) An operating procedure C) The unexpected failure of a system component Voltage is dropping on a 345 kV transmission system. Which of the following devices can be used to increase voltage in the 345 kV system? 1. Shunt Capacitor 2. Generator 3. Under-load tap changer increases to raise distribution voltage 4. Shunt Reactor A) 2 and 4 B) 1, 2 and 3 C) 1 and 2 D) 3 and 3 C) 1 and 2 If a Transmission Operator is experiencing an SOL and anticipates having to shed firm load to return to within limits, which entity (ies) must be notified? A) All Reliability Coordinators and Balancing Authorities. B) Its Reliability Coordinator only. C) All Reliability Coordinators and all Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators. D) Its Reliability Coordinator and all other potentially affected Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators. D) Its Reliability Coordinator and all other potentially affected Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators. A 360 MW Interchange Transaction is curtailed to 0 MWs at 1540. What was the hourly integration for hour ending 1600? A) 240 MWh B) 0 MWh C) 120 MWh D) 360 MWh A) 240 MWh An Arranged Interchange involves the following entities: Source Balancing Authority, Sink Balancing Authority, two Intermediate Balancing Authorities, two Transmission Service Providers and four PSEs. Which entities must receive the Arranged Interchange for reliability assessment? A) Source and Sink Balancing Authorities and the two Transmission Service Providers B) Source, Intermediate and Sink Balancing Authorities, the two Transmission Service Providers and all four PSEs C) Source and Sink Balancing Authorities and all four PSEs D) Source, Intermediate and Sink Balancing Authorities and the two Transmission Service Providers D) Source, Intermediate and Sink Balancing Authorities and the two Transmission Service Providers In developing and setting up an Arranged Interchange, which of the following would transition the Arranged Interchange to the Confirmed Interchange status? A) The TSP's and BA's listed on the Tag have approved the Tag. B) The BA's and TSP's listed on the Tag have enter the information in their EMS C) All PSE's listed on the Tag have provided approval. D) All RC's listed on the tag have provided approval. A) The TSP's and BA's listed on the Tag have approved the Tag. Which entity is responsible for notifying all involved parties of Interchange that has been transitioned to confirmed status? A) The Sink Purchasing-Selling Entity B) The Reliability Coordinator C) The Sink Balancing Authority D) The Source Balancing Authority C) The Sink Balancing Authority Two Balancing Authorities have arranged for an Interchange Agreement. However, in this deal a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission Operator is on the scheduling path. What must the Balancing Authorities in whose area the HVDC tie is controlled do prior to implementing the Interchange Agreement? A) Coordinate the Interchange Schedule with the Transmission Operator of the HVDC tie. B) Request the RC to complete the transaction. C) Nothing needs to be done with the HVDC Transmission Operator because they will rectify any amount of Megawatt flow as long as it does not exceed their operating limits. D) Send the HVDC Transmission Operator a copy of the Interchange Agreement after the Schedule has started ramping. A) Coordinate the Interchange Schedule with the Transmission Operator of the HVDC tie. Which entities may determine the deviation of a Dynamic Schedule constitutes a reliability concern? Also, what entity must then notify that determination? A) A Reliability Coordinator or Transmission Operator makes the determination and must notify the Sink Balancing Authority. B) Only the Reliability Coordinator may make the determination and must notify the Purchasing-Selling Entity. C) Only the Transmission Operator may make the determination and must notify the Source Balancing Authority. D) A Reliability Coordinator or Transmission Operator makes the determination and must notify the Purchasing-Selling Entity. D) A Reliability Coordinator or Transmission Operator makes the determination and must notify the Purchasing-Selling Entity. Who is responsible for notifying involved entities when an Arranged Interchange transitions to a Confirmed Interchange? A) The Purchase-Selling Entity B) The Reliability Coordinator C) The Sink Balancing Authority D) The Source Balancing Authority C) The Sink Balancing Authority Which of the following Dynamic Schedules must have a modified tag? A) The Dynamic Schedule is 200 MW and the hourly integrated value is 230 MWH. B) The Dynamic Schedule is 300 MW and the hourly integrated value is 320 MWH. C) The Dynamic Schedule is 100 MW and the hourly integrated value is 120 MWH. D) The Dynamic Schedule is 275 MW and the hourly integrated value is 300 MWH. A) The Dynamic Schedule is 200 MW and the hourly integrated value is 230 MWH. The transmission system must be operated so that instability, uncontrolled separation, or cascading outages will not occur as a result of the most severe single contingency AND A) System operating violations B) Specified multiple contingencies C) External disturbances D) All multiple contingencies B) Specified multiple contingencies A System Operator identifies a transmission line that is operating at 100% of its SOL. What should be done? A) Reduce line voltage. B) Monitor for necessary action. C) De-energize the line. D) Immediately reduce the loading. B) Monitor for necessary action. You receive an alarm that indicates low oil pressure on an underground transmission cable. SCADA shows the pressure is continuing to drop. What is the first step you would take to protect the line? A) Isolate the line. B) Notify field personnel to identify the problem. C) Lower the line loading and dispatch maintenance personnel. D) Schedule maintenance for the next day. A) Isolate the line. When evaluating a line outage request, you must show that your transmission system can handle the outage without violating IROL or SOL due to which of the following? A) Protection Systems misoperations B) Contingencies C) Extra High Voltage tie-line outages D) Large Generator failures B) Contingencies A 345 kV line has a MW flow of 400 and a MVAR flow of 300. The thermal limit of the line is 600 MVA. Assuming the line voltage is 352 kV, what is the MVA loading on the line and is the line within its thermal limits? A) 500 MVA/Yes B) 700 MVA/Yes C) 500 MVA/No D) 700 MVA/No A) 500 MVA/Yes When a Transmission Operator recognizes that potential or actual line loading and voltage or reactive levels are such that a single Contingency could threaten the reliability of the Interconnection, what should the Transmission Operators do? A) By facsimile to each other entity using a standard form. B) Inform its Reliability Coordinator and known impacted BA and TOPs C) Individual telephone calls to each other entity - Reliability Coordinator first. D) Individual telephone calls to each other entity - Transmission Operators first. B) Inform its Reliability Coordinator and known impacted BA and TOPs To predict the system's near-term load pattern, a system operator must have information including weather forecasts and . A) Generator efficiency ratings B) Sufficient metering C) Generator overhaul schedules D) Past load patterns D) Past load patterns A major disturbance occurs with substantial loss of load. The disturbance report states that the cause of the disturbance was angle instability. Angle instability is the result of: A) A shortage of reactive reserve. B) A loss of generator excitation. C) Exceeding voltage limits. D) A loss of magnetic bonds. D) A loss of magnetic bonds. Steady-State Stability occurs when _________________ are taking place. A) no significant system disturbances B) only single system contingencies C) only specified multiple contingencies D) large power angles changes A) no significant system disturbances What is defined as an automatic protection system designed to detect abnormal or predetermined system conditions and take corrective actions other than and/or in addition to the isolation of faulted components to maintain system reliability. A) Lockout Relay B) Protective Relay Scheme C) Undervoltage Load Shedding D) Special Protection System D) Special Protection System A 50 MVA transformer has 30 MW's of load. How many MVARs can flow through the transformer? A) 0 MVAR B) 50 MVAR C) 40 MVAR D) 30 MVAR C) 40 MVAR Station A's primary bus is connected to Station B's primary bus by a 230 kV transmission line. Both stations have a 100 MVAR switchable shunt capacitor bank currently offline. The SOL on this line is 350 MVA. The System Operator notices that the flows on the line are as follows: 345 MW from Station A towards Station B 100 MVAR from Station B towards Station A What should the system operator do to return the system to its operating limits? A) Energize a Reactor Bank at station A B) Place the capacitor bank on-line at Station B C) Place the capacitor bank on-line at Station A D) Remove the transmission line from service C) Place the capacitor bank on-line at Station A The maintenance and relay testing organization wants to take a 161 kV shunt capacitor bank out of service to replace some capacitor cans and change out an insulator. Since this is not emergency work, when would be the best time to schedule the shunt capacitor outage? A) During the summer when peak loading is at its highest B) During a winter morning C) Anytime shunt reactors are also in outage D) During projected light loading times D) During projected light loading times What type of relay uses a combination of current transformer (CT) measurements and potential transformer (PT) measurements and operates when the ratio of the PT measurement to CT measurement is below a certain limit for a given period of time? A) Differential relay B) Distance relay C) Lockout relay D) Time overcurrent relay B) Distance relay Protective relays such as Transmission Line relays and Transformer Differential relays have current flowing to them that is proportional to the current that is in the primary circuit. In most cases, what is used to transform the current from the primary circuit to a smaller proportional amount that flows to the protective relay? A) Series Capacitors. B) Current Transformers. C) Potential Transformers. D) Voltage reduction relays. B) Current Transformers. Transmission Operators frequently use distance relays to protect their transmission lines. These distance relay schemes quite often use __________zones of protection. A) three B) 3 for each phase totaling 9 C) five D) one A) three Voltage collapse is an uncontrollable reduction in system voltage caused by a deficiency of reactive power to serve the inductive load. This condition can be a result of which of the following? 1. Heavy power transfers 2. Forced transmission outages 3. Forced reactive resource outages such as Generators and Shunt Capacitors A) 3 only B) 1 and 2 C) 1, 2 and 3 D) 2 only C) 1, 2 and 3 If reactive resources are limited, a Transmission Operator should: 1) Keep voltage schedules as low as the voltage schedules allow 2) Consider reducing real (MW) power to increase reactive (MVAR) availability 3) Ensure sufficient dynamic reserves are available 4) Increase loading on the transmission system A) 1 and 2 B) 3 and 4 C) 2 and 3 D) 2 and 4 C) 2 and 3 There is a high voltage alarm on a 500 MW generator. The generator operator notices that the overvoltage relay repeatedly attempts to lower the generator voltage but can't. The generator operator quickly switches the generator voltage regulator from automatic to manual and manually adjusts the voltage of the generator back down to a normal voltage level. After inspection, the test engineers indicate that the voltage regulator is broken and will be out for several hours. At what reactive level should the generator operator have on the generator while the voltage regulator is out of service for repairs? A) Keep the generator at the lowest voltage level as possible to keep from damaging it from unexpected high voltage levels. B) Operate the generator at just under the high voltage alarm point to make sure the generator does not slip a pole in case of a voltage emergency on the transmission system. C) Take the generator off line immediately. D) Operate the generator voltage within its safe limits at a level to maintain the voltage schedule at the interconnection of the generator facility and the transmission operators common point. D) Operate the generator voltage within its safe limits at a level to maintain the voltage schedule at the interconnection of the generator facility and the transmission operators common point. As system loads increase, how should the System Operator respond to the impact of load increase on the power system? A) capacitor banks should be removed from service and generators should be operating a maximum reactive output B) the reactive requirements will increase, and the operator must ensure voltage levels and reactive resources are controlled C) Tap changing transformers should be turned to manual and capacitor banks should be removed from service D) the reactive requirements will decrease, and the operator should reduce voltage B) the reactive requirements will increase, and the operator must ensure voltage levels and reactive resources are controlled What is the main cause for having low voltage on the Transmission and Distribution system? A) The generators on the system producing megavars in excess of their megawatts. B) A shortage of reactive resources. C) An excessive amount of reactive power. D) Not enough transmission lines in service to carry the load. B) A shortage of reactive resources. Which of the following actions is used to prevent voltage collapse when reactive resources are insufficient? A) Lower transmission voltage regulator settings. B) Reduce generator output. C) Offset scheduled frequency. D) Implement load reduction. D) Implement load reduction. Balancing Authority A is experiencing voltages of 0.9 per unit (pu). Neighboring Balancing Authority B requests emergency energy assistance from BA A. What should BA A do? A) Balancing Authority A should implement voltage reduction B) Balancing Authority B should increase generation C) Balancing Authority A should start generation D) Balancing Authority B should increase voltage C) Balancing Authority A should start generation A system operator is anticipating a heavy load day. Which of the following would alert a system operator to a potential voltage collapse? A) System voltages are low B) ULTC adjustments fail to change the voltage C) Reactive power outputs approaching maximum D) All the Above D) All the Above A 500-kV tie line between two Transmission Operators also crosses the boundary between two Reliability Coordinators. The substation at one end of the line is just within Reliability Coordinator A's area, while the other end is well within Reliability Coordinator B's area. The line often has voltage problems due to heavy unscheduled flow. Which of the following statements is correct? A) The Reliability Coordinators should not be involved, the Transmission Operators should handle the voltage control. B) Both Reliability Coordinators should have Operating Procedures, Processes, or Plans to address voltage control issues on the line. C) Reliability Coordinator B is responsible for directing voltage control for the line terminals. D) Reliability Coordinator A is responsible for directing voltage control for the line terminals. B) Both Reliability Coordinators should have Operating Procedures, Processes, or Plans to address voltage control issues on the line. When a Reliability Coordinator refers to a GMD, what is being referred to? A) Generation Monitoring Device B) Ground Modeled Distribution C) General Modeling Display D) Geo-Magnetic Disturbance D) Geo-Magnetic Disturbance The Reliability Coordinator shall identify sources of large _______________________ that may be contributing to Frequency Error, Time Error, or Inadvertent Interchange and shall discuss corrective actions with the appropriate Balancing Authority. A) Wheeling Errors B) Balancing Authority Errors C) Area Control Errors D) Regional Errors C) Area Control Errors A portion of a Reliability Coordinator Area is experience declining voltage and is running short on reactive reserves. Which Operating Instruction should the Reliability Coordinator give? A) Lower transfers across area and decrease generation B) Increase transfers across area and decrease generation C) Lower transfers across area and increase generation D) Increase transfers across area and increase generation C) Lower transfers across area and increase generation Some inadvertent interchange is unavoidable. Which of the following would help keep inadvertent interchange down to a minimum? A) Run one generator on AGC and the rest on manual so all the AGC signals strength can be used. B) Schedule small blocks of megawatts across three consecutive hours. C) Have correct interchange schedules and accurate tie line metering. D) Increase the frequency bias setting in the ACE equation. C) Have correct interchange schedules and accurate tie line metering. Transmission Operator A has a local procedure that requires opening one end of the 161 kV line to relieve a constrained facility. Opening the 161 kV line forces the megawatt flow to take alternate paths. The Reliability Coordinator should use this Operating Procedure___________________? A) if it will work B) It is approved by NERC C) It is approved by the other Reliability Coordinators D) if it has been agreed to by all affected entities D) if it has been agreed to by all affected entities Conditions that might require a Reliability Coordinator to notify other Reliability Coordinators include which of the following? 1. Sabotage events 2. Interconnection Reliability Operating Limit violations 3. Voltage reductions 4. Insufficient resources 5. Arming of special protection systems A) 1, 3, and 5 only B) 3, 4, and 5 only C) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 D) 1, 2, and 3 only C) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Which entity shall initiate an Energy Emergency Alert and act to mitigate the emergency condition? A) Reliability Coordinator B) Transmission Owner C) Transmission Operator D) Balancing Authority A) Reliability Coordinator Which entity is the key point of contact when emergencies occur or are expected to occur? A) Transmission Operators B) Interchange Authority C) Balancing Authority D) Reliability Coordinator D) Reliability Coordinator Interchange Schedules must begin and end at times agreed to by ___________________________. A) Source, Sink, and Intermediate Balancing Authorities B) Source and Sink Balancing Authorities and Purchasing Selling Entities C) Sending and Receiving Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators D) Sending and Receiving Balancing Authorities and Transmission Service Providers A) Source, Sink, and Intermediate Balancing Authorities The Frequency schedule for the Interconnection is 60.000 Hz. The Balancing Authority operator notices that the actual frequency has been running from 60.035 to 60.045 for 30 minutes. This indicates to the Balancing Authority Operator that there ___________________. A) is less generation than load. B) are voltage schedules that are too high C) is a large generator that has tripped off line D) is more generation than load D) is more generation than load A disturbance in Balancing Authority 2 causes frequency to drop to 59.94 Hz. A line from Balancing Authority 1 to Balancing Authority 2 increases to above its thermal limit. What action should the Reliability Coordinator take? A) Contact Balancing Authority 2 to discuss or direct mitigating actions. B) Raise generation to help restore frequency. C) Shed load in Balancing Authority 1 to help restore frequency. D) Open the overloaded line.rect mitigating actions.