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Question 54 Retraction of the nipple and areola suggest: A. a cystic breast. B. an underlying breast mass. C. a fibroadenoma. D. a normal finding in most women. Explanation: Retraction of the nipple and areola suggest an underlying breast mass. This is not normal and never found in association with cystic breast disease or fibroadenoma. Question 55 The vaginal mucosa lies in transverse folds called the: A. fornices. B. rugae. C. corpus. D. fornix. Explanation: The vaginal mucosa liesin transverse folds called rugae. The fornices (pleural of fornix) are used to describe the three recesses of the vagina: anterior, posterior, and lateral fornices. Corpus refers to the body of the uterus. Fornix refers to the upper third of the vagina when it terminates into a cuplike shape near the cervix. Question 56 The most important risk factor for cervical cancer is: A. failure to undergo screening. B. multiple sexual partners. C. long term use of oral contraception. D. persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes. Explanation: The most important risk factor for cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk HPV subtypes, especially HPV 16 or HPV 18. These two subtypes cause approximately 70% of cervical cancers, usually over the course of many years. Although the other choices pose a risk for developing cervical cancer, HPV infection is the most important risk factor