Description

Evaluating Teaching about Complete Proteins • Complete proteins are from animal sources and soy • They contain sufficient amounts of all 9 amino acids. • incomplete proteins: lentils, vegetables, grains nuts, and seeds, chickpeas Folate Intake During Pregnancy • Helps prevent neural tube defects in utero (Folic acid is the synthetic form). • Deficiency causes spina bifida, anencephaly. • Take 400-800 mcg a day (According to the internet, does not say anywhere in ATI) • Iron and calcium • Folic acid : green leafy veggies, dried peas, beans, seeds, OJ Food Choices for a Client Who Practices Orthodox Judaism • Special food preparations (kosher kitchens) NO MEAT AND MILK TOGETHER( no meat and dairy together) • Guidelines state that animal slaughter must be “humane” and do not waste meat. • They avoid all pork and shellfish products. Heme Sources of Iron ( Animal protein forms) • Meat • Fish • Poultry Non heme sources of iron • whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes, and leafy greens. Non-heme iron is also found in animal flesh (as animals consume plant foods with non-heme iron) and fortified foods. Appropriate Food Choices for a Toddler • Prefer finger foods due to autonomy • Prefer plain foods rather than mixture foods, but usually like macaroni, spaghetti, and pizza. • No hot dogs, raw veggies, marshmallows, bagels or popcorn (choking hazard) Teaching a Client Who Has Dumping Syndrome • Recommend small, frequent meals. • Recommend protein and fat at each meal. • Avoid concentrated sugar and restrict lactose intake. • Suggest that the client consume liquids 1 hour before or after eating instead of during meals (dry diet). • Instruct patient to lie down for 20-30min after meals to delay gastric emptying. If reflux is an issue, suggest a recliner. • Monitor for deficits in iron and vitaminB12. • Consume protein with every meal: delays gastric emptying Primary Function of Calcium • Bones/teeth formation • blood pressure • blood clotting • Nerve transmission Complications of Childhood of Obesity • Diabetes • Hypertension Bone/joint problems • Respiratory problems such as asthma • Sleep apnea • Earlier than normal puberty or menstruation • Anorexia or bulimia • Skin infections due to moisture from sweat trapped in skin folds • Fatigue Administrating Parenteral Nutrition • Preparation o A micron filter is required! o Evaluate allergies to soybeans, safflower, or eggs if lipids are prescribed. • Ongoing Care o Assess I&O’s, weight, vitals o Insulin may be prescribed due to hyperglycemia. o Hyperosmolar diuresis can result from rapid infusion. o You can avoid hypoglycemia by administering 20% water and 10% Dextrose. o MONITOR FOR “CRACKING” which occurs if calcium or phosphorus is too high. It has an oily appearance or a layer of fat on top of the solution. Don’t use. o Use aseptic technique. o Use sterile technique when changing central line dressing and tubing. Nutritional Interventions for Pancreatitis • NPO and NG Tube is inserted. • TPN can be used until oral intake is resumed. • Low fat, high protein, and high carbohydrate diet is prescribed. • Includes supplements of Vitamin C and B-complex vitamins. Providing a Culturally Sensitive and Sodium-Restricted Meal • African American o Encourage frying lightly with canola/olive oils o Encourage fruit and veggies and decrease meat. o Suggest dark green leafy vegetables and low-fat cheeses as calcium sources. o Associate “good health” with better food choices and portion control. o Suggest unhealthy food only on special occasions. • Asian American o Encourage continued use of plant-based diet and food preparation as generations take on “American Foods” o Moderate salt intake o Limit sugar-laden foods. Indications of Fluid Volume Deficit • Tachycardia • Weak, thready pulse